• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An object of this invention is to provide a denitrator which is capable of improving the denitration efficiency more than ever before even though the nozzles are installed in a space in a combustion furnace where flue gas having a temperature of 1000°C or above generally flows immediately after combustion. According to the prevent invention, a denitrator 1 for removing nitrogen oxide in flue gas generated from a combustion furnace 2 by injecting a reducing agent, includes a housing 3 being provided above the combustion furnace 2, the housing 3 including a discharge port 5 for the flue gas at one end 3a thereof and having a shape that a cross-sectional area of flow gradually increases toward the discharge port 5. The denitrator 3 is configured to allow the housing 3 to gather and guide the flue gas to the discharge port 5 and is configured to inject the reducing agent in another end side 3e ofthe housing.
    公开号:DK201870420A1
    申请号:DKP201870420
    申请日:2016-11-11
    公开日:2018-08-09
    发明作者:Nakagawa Keiichi；Itakura Kiyoto；Tokunaga Hitoshi；Sakurai Mikiya；Okuzumi Naoya；Tsutsumi Hirokazu
    申请人:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION
    DENITRATOR
    TECHNICAL FIELD [0001]
    The present invention relates to a denitrator, and more specifically, relates to a denitrator for removing nitrogen oxide in flue gas generated from a combustion furnace by injecting a reducing agent.
    BACKGROUND ART [0002]
    Various denitration techniques designed to reduce and transform NOx in flue gas into harmless N2 by supplying ammonia gas have heretofore been proposed. It was known that an application temperature of these techniques generally falls in a range from 800 to 1000°C. If the ammonia gas is supplied to the flue gas at 1000°C or above, the NOx is rather increased as a result of combustion of the ammonia gas. On the other hand, if the ammonia gas is supplied to the flue gas at 800°C or below, the denitration does not progress properly due to a slow reduction reaction rate.
    [0003]
    In order to carry out denitration, it is preferable to set an installation location of a nozzle for supplying the ammonia gas into the flue gas in a region where the flue gas having a temperature range from 800 to 1000°C flows. Nonetheless, there is usually no room in this region because a group of heat exchangers is supposed to be installed thereat. It is therefore difficult to install the nozzle for supplying the ammonia gas in this region, and the nozzle
    DK 2018 70420 A1 would typically have to be installed in a space in another region where flue gas having a temperature of 1000°C or above flows immediately after combustion.
    REFERENCE DOCUMENT LIST
    PATENT DOCUMENT [0004]
    Patent Document 1: JP 2001-187315A
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION [0005]
    Patent Document 1 discloses an embodiment of a denitrator in which numerous nozzles for supplying ammonia gas are installed in a space where flue gas having a temperature of 1000°C or above likely flows immediately after combustion.
    Although this denitrator can maintain a high denitration efficiency to some extent as a result of installation of the numerous nozzles, the denitrator has difficulty in further improving the denitration efficiency of the flue gas due to the aforementioned reason and the like.
    [0006]
    In the light of the problems mentioned above, an object of the present invention is to provide a denitrator which is capable of improving the denitration efficiency more than ever before even when the nozzles are installed in a space in a combustion furnace where flue gas having a temperature of 1000°C or above generally flows immediately after combustion.
    MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM
    DK 2018 70420 A1 [0007]
    In order to accomplish the object, a denitrator according to the present invention provides a denitrator for removing nitrogen oxide in flue gas generated from a combustion furnace by injecting a reducing agent, including a housing being provided above the combustion furnace, the housing including a discharge port for the flue gas at one end thereof and having a shape that a cross-sectional area of flow gradually increases toward the discharge port, the denitrator being configured to allow the housing to gather and guide the flue gas to the discharge port and being configured to inject the reducing agent in another end side of the housing.
    [0008]
    In an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, the housing may include a ceiling that is inclined downward from one end thereof toward another end thereof.
    In addition, in an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, the reducing agent may include ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas may be injected into the flue gas such that the ammonia gas relative to a flow rate of the flue gas is up to 0.1 vol%, or preferably 0.01 to 0.06 vol%, in a case in which the flue gas has a temperature of at least 1000°C.
    [0009]
    Furthermore, in an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, the ammonia gas may be injected into the flue gas in a first region on the other end side which accounts for at most 50% of an amount of the flue gas in the housing, and at least 50% of an amount of the ammonia gas to be injected into the flue gas may be injected in a second region on the other end side, which accounts for at most 30%, or preferably at most 20% of the amount of the flue gas in the housing.
    [0010]
    DK 2018 70420 A1
    Moreover, in an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, a flow velocity of injecting the ammonia gas to be supplied may be set in a range from 100 to 2000 Nm/s, or preferably a range from 300 to 1000 Nm/s.
    In an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, nitrogen may be injected simultaneously with and from the same position as the ammonia gas.
    In an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, an amount of supply of the nitrogen may be 0.1 to 5 times, or preferably 0.5 to 2 times, as large as an amount of supply of the ammonia gas.
    EFFECT OF THE INVENTION [0011]
    According to the present invention, there is provided a denitrator for removing nitrogen oxide in flue gas generated from a combustion furnace by injecting a reducing agent, including a housing being provided above the combustion furnace, the housing including a discharge port for the flue gas at one end thereof and having a shape such that a cross-sectional area of flow gradually increases toward the discharge port, the denitrator being configured to allow the housing to gather and guide the flue gas to the discharge port and being configured to inject the reducing agent in another end side of the housing, and thus, even in a case in which the nozzles discussed above are installed in a region from a combustion furnace where flue gas having a temperature of 1000°C or above generally flows immediately after combustion, it is possible to reduce the temperature of the flue gas by using the reducing agent from the upstream side down to a temperature range suitable for the denitration, thereby improving denitration efficiency more than ever before.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    DK 2018 70420 A1 [0012]
    FIG. lisa cross-sectional view depicting an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, which shows a state of installing the denitrator above the combustion furnaces.
    FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a substantial part of an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention.
    FIG. 3 is a graph representing denitration effects of an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, which shows a relationship between an amount of supply of ammonia gas and a concentration of NOx in the flue gas under the conditions that flue gas has an oxygen concentration of 3%.
    FIG. 4 is a graph representing denitration effects of an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, which shows a relationship between a temperature of flue gas and a concentration of NOx in the flue gas under the conditions that flue gas has an oxygen concentration of 3%.
    FIG. 5 is a graph representing denitration effects of an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention, which shows a relationship between a ratio of a supply amount of ammonia gas to a flow rate of flue gas and a concentration of NOx in the flue gas under the conditions that the flue gas has an oxygen concentration of 3%.
    MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [0013]
    Hereinafter, an embodiment of a denitrator according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4.
    In a denitrator 1 of this embodiment, ammonia gas is used as a reducing agent. Nitrogen oxide in flue gas generated in combustion furnaces 2 is removed by injecting the
    DK 2018 70420 A1 ammonia gas.
    [0014]
    The denitrator 1 includes a pair of combustion furnaces 2, 2 which are placed at an appropriate distance therebetween; and a housing 3 which is positioned above these combustion furnaces and covers the tops thereof. Each of the combustion furnaces 2 includes a plurality of burners 2c arranged in two or more lines from one end 2a to another end 2b of the combustion furnace (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). [0015]
    The housing 3 includes a discharge port 5 at one end 3a of the housing, which discharges flue gas from the combustion furnaces 2 to a heat exchanger 4. In addition, as schematically shown in FIG. 2, the housing 3 is formed into a substantially hat shape in cross-sectional view, which includes shoulder parts 3b, 3b on two sides of the housing and a central part 3c projecting upward from the shoulder parts. Furthermore, the housing 3 is designed to incline a ceiling 3d of the central part 3c downward from the one end 3 a to another end 3e of the housing such that a cross-sectional area of flow gradually increases toward the discharge port 5 (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).
    [0016]
    Due to the aforementioned shape of the housing 3, the flue gas discharged from the combustion furnaces 2, 2 is gathered by the housing 3 located thereabove and is guided to the discharge port 5 along the inclination of the ceiling 3d, as indicated with arrows in FIG. 1. [0017]
    Nozzles 6 for injecting and supplying the ammonia gas into the flue gas are arranged on the shoulder parts 3b, 3b on the two sides near the other end 3e of the housing 3. For ease of description hereinbelow, the housing 3 will be divided evenly into six regions from the one end 3a to the other end 3e and the boundaries thereof will be denoted by A, B, C, D, E, F,
    DK 2018 70420 A1 and G, respectively (see FIG. 1).
    [0018]
    Positions of the nozzles 6 to inject the ammonia gas are located in a region on a side of the other end 3e (i.e., from boundaries D to G in FIG. 1), which accounts for at most 50% of an amount of the flue gas in the housing 3. Furthermore, at least 50% of an amount of the ammonia gas to be injected into the flue gas is injected in a region on a side of the other end 3e (i.e., from a position between boundaries E and F to boundary G in FIG. 1), which accounts for at most 30% or preferably at most 20% of the amount of the flue gas in the housing 3.
    [0019]
    FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment in which the positions of the nozzles 6 are arranged at the shoulder parts 3b on the other end 3e side of the housing 3. By way of example, FIG. 2 illustrates a case of arranging two combustion furnaces 2 together with reaction tubes (not shown). As is apparent from FIG. 2, the denitrator 1 of this embodiment is configured to allow the single housing 3 to straddle and cover the tops of two combustion furnaces 2, 2. [0020]
    An operation of the denitrator 1 of this embodiment will be described.
    As indicated by arrows in FIG. 1, in this denitrator 1, the flue gas from the combustion furnaces 2 drifts up into the housing 3 while retaining a temperature at about 1000°C or above, and then the flue gas flows toward the discharge port 5 along the ceiling 3d. In this case, the ammonia gas is injected into the flue gas from the nozzles 6 located on the other end 3e side, that is, on the upstream side of the housing 3. The amount of supply of the ammonia gas in this instance preferably corresponds to 0.1 vol% at a maximum relative to the flow rate of the flue gas passing the discharge port 5. In this instance, the ammonia gas is injected to the upstream side of the flue gas. As a consequence, the ammonia gas spreads
    DK 2018 70420 A1 in a wide range along with the flow of the flue gas to the downstream side being the one end 3 a side of the housing 3, so that the ammonia gas can achieve an effect of cooling the flue gas over the wide range and the NOx in the flue gas can be reduced at high efficiency.
    [0021]
    More specifically, the amount of the flue gas is low on the upstream side of the flue gas in the denitrator 1. Accordingly, even when the proportion of the ammonia gas relative to the entire amount of the flue gas is small, the proportion of the ammonia gas becomes higher in the region on the upstream side so that the effect of cooling the flue gas on the upstream side can be obtained. In the meantime, a flow velocity of the flue gas is low on the upstream side and the ammonia gas supplied thereto is not mixed soon. Accordingly, the ammonia gas spreads into the flue gas in the housing 3 along with the flow of the ammonia gas to the downstream side. Thus, the group of low-temperature ammonia gas reduces the temperature of the flue gas in a wide range so that the ammonia gas enables the reduction of the NOx in the flue gas to progress efficiently. According to the method using this device, denitration efficiency is around 15% (10% to 20%).
    [0022]
    Furthermore, in another embodiment, when the flue gas has a temperature of 1000°C or above, the ammonia gas is injected into the flue gas such that the ammonia gas relative to a flow rate of the flue gas is up to 0.1 vol% at a maximum. A flow velocity of injecting the ammonia gas to be supplied is set in a range from 100 to 2000 Nm/s or preferably in a range from 300 to 1000 Nm/s. In this way, it is possible to achieve the partial cooling effect of the flue gas and to obtain the denitration effect at high efficiency.
    [0023]
    Here, if the injection rate of the ammonia gas into the flue gas is equal to or above 2000 Nm/s, the ammonia gas spreads in a wide range and fails to achieve the partial cooling
    DK 2018 70420 A1 effect and the temperature remains high. As a consequence, the denitration effect is hardly obtained and the NOx is rather increased. On the other hand, if the injection rate of the ammonia gas into the flue gas is equal to or below 100 Nm/s, the concentration of the ammonia gas becomes locally high, whereby the NOx reduction reaction is limited and a sufficient denitration efficiency is not achieved.
    [0024]
    Meanwhile, nitrogen may be supplied simultaneously with the supply of the ammonia gas and from the same position as the nozzles 6 for the ammonia gas. In this way, nitrogen can suppress a rise in temperature of the group of the ammonia gas, and a concentration of oxygen around the group of the ammonia gas is reduced at the same time. Thus, it is possible to inhibit this ammonia from turning into NOx. Here, the amount of supply of nitrogen is set preferably in a range from 0.1 to 5 times or more preferably in a range from 0.5 to 2 times as large as the amount of supply of the ammonia gas.
    [0025]
    It is to be noted that no effect is achieved if the amount of supply of nitrogen is 0.1 times or less than the amount of supply of ammonia. On the other hand, if this ratio is 5 times or more, the chance of contact with the NOx is reduced and no reaction will take place. In addition, the latter case requires a large amount of nitrogen and is therefore uneconomical. [0026]
    Examples showing a NOx removal effect of by this denitrator 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. FIG. 3 shows a relationship between the amount of supply of the ammonia gas and the concentration of the NOx under the conditions that the flue gas has an oxygen concentration of 3%, in which the amount of supply of nitrogen in the upstream side region F to G of the denitrator 1 is set to 0.04 vol% relative to the total flue gas flow rate under the condition of the flue gas temperature at 1055°C.
    DK 2018 70420 A1
    FIG. 3 reveals that the NOx concentration is reduced by supplying the ammonia gas, which is effective in particular in the range from 0.01 to 0.06 vol%.
    [0027]
    FIG. 4 shows a relationship between the temperature of the flue gas and the concentration of the NOx under the condition that the flue gas has an oxygen concentration of 3%, in which the supply amount ratio of ammonia gas in the upstream side region F to G of the denitrator 1 is set to 0.035 vol%. FIG. 4 reveals that, despite the flue gas temperature being at 1055°C, the concentration of the NOx can be reduced to 115 mg/NM3, which is about 15% lower than 134 mg/NM3 in the case of not supplying the ammonia gas in FIG. 3. [0028]
    FIG. 5 shows a relationship between the supply amount ratio of ammonia gas and the concentration of NOx under the condition that the flue gas has an oxygen concentration of 3%, in which the amounts of supply of nitrogen in the upstream side region F to G (i.e., Upstream) or a region A to B (i.e. Downstream) of the denitrator 1 are each set to 0.04 vol% relative to the total flue gas flow rate when the flue gas temperature is equal to about 1000°C. FIG. 5 reveals that an NOx removal rate is higher in the case of supplying the ammonia gas to the upstream side than in the case of supplying the ammonia gas to the downstream side, and that when the ammonia gas is supplied to the downstream side, the temperature of the flue gas mixed with the ammonia gas remains high due to the large amount of the gas, thus leading to generation of the NOx as a consequence.
    [0029]
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the denitrator 1 is provided with two combustion furnaces 2 and is configured to cover the tops of the these combustion furnaces 2 with the single housing 3. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration,
    DK 2018 70420 A1 and it is by all means possible to cover three or more combustion furnaces 2 or only one combustion furnace 2 with the housing 3.
    [0030]
    In the above-described embodiment, the denitrator of the present invention is applied to the combustion furnaces for heating the reaction tubes. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. The present invention is also applicable to any combustion furnace as long as it is a combustion furnace such as a garbage incinerator, which requires the NOx reduction. In short, such a combustion furnace only needs to be configured to be able to supply the ammonia gas to a far side of the housing from the discharge port of the flue gas. [0031]
    Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention shall not be limited to the above-described embodiment and various modifications and alternatives are possible based on the technical idea of the present invention.
    REFERENCE SYMBOL LIST [0032] denitrator combustion furnace
    2a one end
    2b another end
    2c burner housing a one end
    3b shoulder part
    DK 2018 70420 A1 c central part
    3d ceiling
    3e other end heat exchanger
    5 discharge port nozzle
    DK 2018 70420 A1
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1] 1. A denitrator of removing nitrogen oxide in flue gas generated from a combustion furnace by injecting a reducing agent, comprising:
    a housing being provided above the combustion furnace, the housing comprising a discharge port for the flue gas at one end thereof and having a shape such that a cross-sectional area of flow gradually increases toward the discharge port, wherein the denitrator is configured to allow the housing to gather and guide the flue gas to the discharge port and is configured to inject the reducing agent in another end side of the housing.
    [2] 2. The denitrator according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a ceiling that is inclined downward from one end thereof toward another end thereof.
    [3] 3. The denitrator according to claim 2, wherein the reducing agent comprises ammonia gas, and wherein the denitrator is configured to inject the ammonia gas into the flue gas such that the ammonia gas relative to a flow rate of the flue gas is up to 0.1 vol%, or preferably 0.01 to 0.06 vol%, in a case in which the flue gas has a temperature of at least 1000°C.
    [4] 4. The denitrator according to claim 3, wherein the denitrator is configured to inject the ammonia gas into the flue gas in a first region on the other end side which accounts for at most 50% of an amount of the flue gas in the housing, and at least 50% of an amount of the ammonia gas to be injected into the flue gas is injected in a second region on the other end side which accounts for at most 30% of the amount of the flue gas in the housing.
    DK 2018 70420 A1
    [5] 5. The denitrator according to claim 4, wherein a flow velocity of injecting the ammonia gas to be supplied is set in a range from 100 to 2000 Nm/s.
    [6] 6. The denitrator according to claim 5, wherein the denitrator is configured to inject 5 nitrogen simultaneously with and from the same position as the ammonia gas.
    [7] 7. The denitrator according to claim 6, wherein an amount of supply of the nitrogen is 0.1 to 5 times as large as an amount of supply of the ammonia gas.
    DK 2018 70420 A1
    1/3



    DK 2018 70420 A1

    RATIO OF SUPPLY OF NH3 GAS RELATIVE TO TOTAL FLOW RATE OF FLUE GAS [vol%]
    Flue gas temperature [degC] DK 2018 70420 A1
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    法律状态:
    2018-08-09| PAT| Application published|Effective date: 20180620 |
    2020-07-07| PME| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200707 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP2015-254624|2015-12-25|
    JP2015254624A|JP6587933B2|2015-12-25|2015-12-25|Denitration equipment|
    PCT/JP2016/083528|WO2017110292A1|2015-12-25|2016-11-11|Denitrator|
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